Shingle



T. D. MILLER- SHINGLE Jan. 19,1926. 1,570,516

Filed May 24. 1924 2 Sheets- Sheet 2 Fstenteddan, l,l2&

som sre'rss serene serene c rries;

I 1 rnorms n. MILLER, or c annsvrrrn, MARYLAND.

SHIN'GLE.

Application nee Ma 24,1924. Serial no. 715,544.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS D. 'Minmln,

a'ci'tize'n of the United States, residing at Clerksville, in the countyof Howard and State of Maryland, heve invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Shingles, of which the following a specification.

One purpose (if this inventionis to provide a sheet metal tile orshingle of such form that, in covering afroof there will he a. minimumamount of overlap between the shingles and consequently a minimum amountof metal used; a further object of the invention is to provide a shinglewhich can be laid quickly and with amininium amount of labor, anda'further' object of the invention is to provide a metal shingle havingthe advantages stated and of such form thatthe finished roof will beerchitecturally pleasing. I

In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is a plan view of a part of a roofcovering composed of the shingles of vmy invention; I Fig. 2 is a topperspective view. of one of the shingles; v

Fig. 3 is a perspective side of the shingle; Fig. i is a section on viewof the underthe line H i of Fi 2; v 1 Y ig. 5 is a section on the line55 of I shingles assembled;

Fig. 6' is a perspective ViBW of portions of two shingles illustratingthe manner of assembling one roof;

Fig. 7 is a similar, View, showing shingles assembled;

Fig. 8 is at similar view, showing four three Fig. 9 is a plan view of apart of a roof covering. composed of shingles similar to thoseillustrated inthe previous figures but the sheet, forming flanges 1, andhaving 7 setting ridge.

marginal portions of the other two adjacent edges of the sheet turnedhackwardly under the sheet, forming the flanges 2. The part 3 of thesheet, which may be considered the upper half, is oil-set from the part4, which may 'be considered the lower half, along a diagonal lineextending from the corner 5 to the corner 6 of the sheet, theoff-setting portion being indicated at 7. The corner portion 8 of theupper half 3 of the sheet .is raised above the body ofsaid half by anoil-setting portion 9 which extends parallel withthe off-setting portion7 of the sheet, anda'hole l0,-for receiving a shingle nail, is

punched through the flanges 1 at the apex of this corner portioni Thecorner portion 11 of the lower half 4 of the sheet is depressed belowthe, plane of the body of'the lower half by an ofisetting portion 12,which extends parellel with the ofi-setting portions 7 and 9. The end orapex 11 of the corner portion 11 isv turned backwardly under said cornerportion, as shown, The flanges l taper froni-thecorner-portion 8 towardthe off-setting ridge 7, end the flanges 2 taper 5 portion 11 towardsaid 'ofi-- from the corner In assembling the shingles to forth a roofcovering, the lower" halves 4 of a number of shingles are cut oiladjacent the line of the v off-setting ridges 7, and the upper halves 3are arranged side by side with and with the flanges 1. uppermost, Thesehalf shingles are secured by nails driven through the perforations 10,and they are also nailed or otherwise secured along their lower edges tothe roof. I When a row a of a the ridges 7 extending along the loweredge of the roof,

the half shingles has been laid, as indicated I me are applied bysliding each shingleiup- Ward over the facesv of two adjacent halfshingles until the flanges 2 on the shingle which is being appliedflanges l on the adjacent alf shingles and the off-setting ridges 12 arein line with the Each shingle, as it is applied is' ridges 7. secured tothe roof hy'a nail passed through the opening 10; The next Iowaofshingles in Fig. I, shingles indicated'at a? in said fig- 5 ass beneaththe is applied in-the same manner by sliding these shingles upwardlyover the adjacent shingle 41 until the flanges 2 on the shingles o areengaged with the flanges 1 on the 1 shingles G2 and the ofi-settingridges 12 on end ll of each shingle slides upon the part o the shingleimmediately below it and the converging edges of. the shingles at thesit es of said lower shingle guide the end ll. to the upper apex of saidlower shingle. The undcrturned end 1.1 of each shingle thus serves ameans for positioning the lower end of the shingle.

'lhe manner in which the shingles fit together is illustrated in Figs.6, 7 and 8. In liig. (-3, the flange .2 of an upper shingle a is shownin engagement with the flange 1 of the lower shingle a and theoffsetting ridge r' the lut'l shingle is shown in substantial.slineuient with the oil-setting ridge 7 of the upper shingle. In Fig.7,.two upper shingles are shown, each having a flange ging the flanges lof the lower shingle the oil-setting portions 7 of the upare inalinement with-one anin Fig. 8, the shingle a and two gles (r areshownas in Fig. 7 and a ..ourth shingle a is shown having it flanges 2engaging the flanges l of both shingles a".

The inwa' lly turned end ll of the shingle its between the convergingedges of the lower parts and the offsetting pdrtion,12 of the shingle ais in alinement with the oilsetting portimis T of the shingles a ASpreviously stated, the flanges 1 and 2 each sh' taper toward thediagonal 7. wl'ien a flange 2 of one interlocked with a flange lof an-OLL '2 will lit under the-broad end of the flange l, and the broad endof the flange 2 will fit under the narrow end of the flange 1. Thus, theedge of the flange 2 will engage the bottom of the fold 1 (Fig.- 8), i"med by the flange 1, only at one end, and

similarly, the edge of the flange 1 will engage the told 52 only atoneend of said flange. Tlhus, throughout the greater-part oi the lengthsof the interlocking flanges, the

l of the flanges on one shingle will be spaced from the bottoms of thefolds formed the tier 5; on the other shingles, and this spe pi ventswater from being held within the flanges by capillary attraction.

In finishm the roof covering at the top, it will be apparent that thelower halves l of the shingles which were cut off to start the coveringat the lower edge of the roof :niay be used. to fill in triangular gapsbetween the adjacent shingles at the to of the root. Similarly, in.finishing the eru. s of the covering. the shingles may be split v'erandthe parts cutoff at one end may d "o fill the gaps between the shinglesend a the roof.

noted that the roof covering is tree from alined seams a, the narrowerend of the flangeor ridges running upwardly and downwardly on the roof,which lines and seams are undesirable from an architectural standpoint;it will also be noted. that the oil-setting ridges in the shingles arein horizontal alinement on the roof, which is; desirable from anarchitectural standpoint. The flanges, as well as the off set ridges onthe shingles, prevent water from being driven its principal function isto give'an architec tural effect to the roof. It is to be noted that asthe ribs are formed only in the up per halves of i the shingles, theybecome staggered on the roof and do not extend in continuous lines,-which latter arrangement would be objectionable. The same staggeredeffect can be obtained by forming the ribs on the lower instead of theupper halves of the shingles, but the arrangement shown is preferred. Y

With both forms of shingle, the edges of the shingles when assembled ona roof run diagonally of the roof, but not in continuous lines; theedges of the shingles in successive rows being offset or out of linewith" one another, which adds to the architectural efiect.

It is to be noted that the nail hole in g each shingle is punchedthrough the flanges as well as the body of the shingle, sothat the nailspass through three thicknesses of the metal and hold the shingle firmlyon the roof. As each shingle is fastened to the roof at one point only,and not rigidly secured to the adjacent shingles, the shingles mayexpand and contract' freely with changes in temperature.

What I claimis:

1. A shingle comprising a substantially square plate having upper andlower triangular halves ofi'se't from one another along a diagonal line,the upper half having its side edges doubled over the top of the plateand the lower half having its side edges doubled under the plate, andthe upper and lower corner portions of the plate being oppositely offseton lines parallel with said diagonal line, the upper corner portionbeing raised and the lower corner portion being depressed with respectto the adjacent portionsnof the plate. x

2. A shingle comprising a substantially square plate having upper andlower tri-- -v the tapering frdxn the up portion being raised and thelower corner portion being depressed with respect to theadjacentportionsof the plate.

3. A shingle'comprising a substantially late havi up er and lower triiiiiilar halves oifslifi from one another along a iagonal line, tlie npperhalf having its side. edges doubled over thetop of, the plateandthe'lower half having its'side edges doubled under the platefandtheupper and lpwer corner portions 0 the plate being op Fositely offset on.lines parallel with said iagonal line, the upperv portion .being 5 rased and the lower corner portion being depressed with respect to the"adjacent per.-

tionsg-of the plate and the lower eorner floubied under-theplate; I

w. '4. A shi le eomprlsin'g a substantially square plate having upper.and lower triangular halves. ofiset from-one another along a iagonalline,the upper half 'havingia rib extending from said him to its u petnorner and having its side edges dou led over the top of the plateandathe lower hall having a planef'surface and having "its side edgesdoubled under the plate, and the uper and lower; corner portions of [theplate ing oppositely ofiset on lines parallel with said. diagonal hue,the upper corner portion being raised and the lowereorner pox-tinn- .onlines par angular halves ofi'set cornerportions of the late ppositelywith-said iagonal ver the top of heing depressed with respect to theadjacent portlons'of the plate.

5. ,A shingle comprising a substantially square plate having upper andlower tri angular halves offset from one another along a diagonal line,one half having a plane surface and having rib extendinga t a rightangle to said line to one of its corners and having its side edgesdoubled over the top of the plate and the lower ha1t;=..f

having its side edges doubled under the plate, and the upper and lowercorner portions of the plate being oppositely offset a the upper cornerportion being raised and the lower corner portion being idepressed;

with respectto the adjacent portions of the plate.

lel with said diagonal line,.v

shingle comprising a substantially square plate having upper and lowertria iagonal line, and the upper and lower 'ofiset on lines paralleline, the upper corner portion bein raised and the lower cornerportion..'be1ngde.-

pressed, with respect to theadjaeut tions of the late.

om one another along 7. Aehing 0, comprising a siihstantially squareplate havin 'up e'r andf-lower triangular halves ofi set one anotheralong a diaglonal line-and the lower-corner POIflOllgOf t 0 lower halfbeing dow wardlyofiset along a lineparallif l with. 5a d di- I Intestimohywhereof-I hereunto afiix' my MiLLEn. a

signature. 5

